Toyotas Strategy and Initiative in Europe Case Study

Toyotas Strategy and Initiative in Europe - Case Study Example However, instead of being engaged in price competition, companies are scaling down their operations. The uniqueness of Toyota's strategy was that it designed and manufactured locally adapted models. This strategy helped the company to increase sales: "by almost 50 percent from 2000 to 2005. The new strategy paid off financially, too. According to Business Week, the operating profit increased ninefold to $654 million in 2003" (Thompson et al 2008, p. C245). Research and innovation are a part of Toyota's success. The company launched its new car Aygo and "challenged many of its traditional views: the car was specifically designed for the European market and exclusively" (Thompson et al 2008, p. C245). For Toyota, this business decision is multi-dimensional and extremely complex. It is impossible to assume that business decisions even approach rationality, let alone perfect rationality. Toyota has to make complex decisions and, because of the multi-dimensionality of their decision conditions, they make many decisions (Annual Report Toyota 2008). Product adaptability and outsources are also key success factors. Today's consumer has a tremendous number of choices. Most of the products are complex and many of them have additives, preservatives, and other chemicals. Some of them are dangerous. Many of them have hazardous long-term effects. It is virtually impossible for the modern consumer to be rational and maximizing. Normal average consumers are typically confused and have difficulty making satisfactory decisions. Even though they may have the capability to evaluate functional product attributes in a rational manner, they lack the time and motivation to do so (Annual Report Toyota 2008). Global expansion and penetration to the North American market improves Toyota's position on the market "For 2006 Toyota was expected to reach 9 million units in production-with luxury brand Lexus reaching the 500,000 units mark for the first time (up from 400,000 units in 2004)" (Thompson et al 2008, p. C246). Toyota follows growth strategies based on the idea that expansion and market development will help it to attract new customers. According to its Annual repot: "Toyota expects to record net sales of 2,000.0 billion ahead of schedule for the fi scal year ending March 31, 2008" (Annual Report 2008, p. 3). The global car market is not only very complex but also not quite open for entry. Investment in research and development improve its position and increase opportunities on the global scale (Financial Results. Presentations 2008). 2. SWOT analysis shows that there is a strong correlation between successful strategies and direction selected by the company and its financial performance. The main strength is stable position on the market and loyal consumers. Financial statements highlight that in 2007 Toyota has increased its sales in 4.7% in comparison with 2006. Its operation income increased in 17.3% and income before income taxes and minority interests increased in 29.2 %. The net income is $40,309 million (2007) in comparison with 30,268 million in 2006 (see Appendix 1, 2). The main opportunity for Toyota is growth. Growth up until the 1990s meant expanding productive capabilities and market opportunities and making sure that this growth would yield better

Evidence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evidence - Research Paper Example In certain cases it can be essential to withhold convinced evidence from the protection in order to save the basic rights of another person or to protect a significant public interest. â€Å"Disclosure is one of the most important issues in the criminal justice system and the application of proper and fair disclosure is a vital component of a fair criminal justice system† (Attorney General’s Guidelines on Disclosure, par.1). In the criminal law there is a responsibility for taking an action in order to give the full revelation of all the applicable data in its possession. The extent of this obligation is decided by the ideas of constitutional which has its due procedure in addition to the requirements of the constitution. The criminal duty of revelation and the civil idea of detection are two totally distinct actions and they exist for various reasons. In summery cases there is no right to disclosure. What is the purpose of this? The rules under evidence should be inter preted in order to administer all proceedings in a fair manner, eliminate all unwarrantable delays and expenses, and helping the growth of evidence law by finishing and determining the fact of protecting a just determination. In a criminal case, the court can accept evidence provided that it shows someone, except the defendant as a source of the injury and the other physical evidences. The court may accept the evidence of victims provided by the defendant in order to prove the approval or if provided by the prosecutor and the evidences whose rejections it will violate are the defendant’s legal rights. â€Å"In a civil case, the court may admit evidence offered to prove a victim’s sexual behavior or sexual predisposition if its probative value substantially outweighs the danger of harm to any victim and of unfair prejudice to any party† (Federal Rules of Evidence par.3). The court may admit the evidence of a victim’s reputation only if the victim has place d it in controversy. What are the penalties for failing to do so? According to the laws with respect to disclosure of evidence, the courts have taken a strict view. It leads to the exclusion of the evidence. Even in the cases where the failure to disclose evidence was not intentional or malafide, the courts have used the rule in a strict manner. Therefore, the litigants are always well advised to reveal all the potential evidence and supplement all the needed discovery and disclosures in order to avoid the likelihood of having their evidence being excluded. â€Å"On the other hand, for litigants who have been prejudiced by their opponents’ failure to disclose, Rule 37(c) offers a remedy to offset the disadvantage of unfair surprise† (Stockholm par.2). If any person fails in giving information or identifying a witness, the person will not be allowed to make use of that witness or information in order to supply evidence on a motion, at a trial, or at a hearing until and unless the failure is proved to be harmless or justified. What is exclusionary rule? The exclusionary rule is a principle in law in the United States which comes under the Constitutional law which says that the evidence gathered and analyzed if it violates the constitutional rights of the defendant, it will be inadmissible in a court of law for a criminal prosecution. This rule was formulated by the judiciary